Study of a Pendulum in Vivo Electromechanical Generator to be Used in a Knee Prosthesis

International audienceThis paper presents the principle and the energy potential of an original electromechanical generator that uses human body natural motions during walking, in order to create an autonomous generator. This in vivo and noninvasive system is intended to be used in intelligent knee prosthesis. As the combined human, mechanical, and electrical phenomena are very significant, a mechanical and an electrical study are then carried to evaluate the recoverable power

A High-Order Sliding Mode Observer for Sensorless Control ofDFIG-Based Wind Turbines

International audienceThis paper deals with the sensorless control of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine. The sensorless control scheme is based on a high-order sliding mode (HOSM) observer to estimate the DFIG rotational speed. Indeed, high-order sliding mode observers provide theoretically finite time exact state observation and estimation of absolutely continuous unknown inputs. The proposed global control strategy combines an MPPT using a high-order sliding mode speed observer and a high-order sliding mode for the DFIG control. This strategy presents attractive features such as chattering-free behavior, finite reaching time, robustness and unmodeled dynamics (generator and turbine). Simulations using the wind turbine simulator FAST on a 1.5- MW three-blade wind turbine are carried out for the validation of the proposed sensorless control strategy

A DC-DC Converter-Based PEM Fuel Cell System Emulator

International audienceThe Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is being investigated as an alternate power source for various applications as transportation and emergency power supplies. Fuel cell systems are characterized by high costs and complex auxiliary devices. For this reason, a fuel cell emulator can be used as a suitable and economic alternative to a real one for developing and testing a fuel cell power conditioning system. The fuel cell emulator must be able to reproduce the FC nonlinear output voltage-current characteristic. This paper proposes then a possible solution to emulate a PEMFC system by using a DC-DC converter. The fuel cell system, including all its auxiliaries and related control systems, is emulated by a full-bridge converter experimentally achieved and controlled in the DSP2812 environment. The converter-based system allows the behavior of any fuel cell to be easily emulated and can be used in laboratory as a low-cost system for design and experimental purposes since only a DC-DC control modification is necessary

Development of Wind Turbines Prototyping Software Under Matlab/Simulink® Through Undergraduate Student Projects

International audienceElectrical Engineering and more particularly Power Engineering at the undergraduate level is facing a crisis at many French universities in terms of enrollment. One reason is the attraction of “newer” areas like computer engineering, which seem to excite the students more and pay higher starting salaries. In this difficult context, a significant educational investment is necessary to excite the students and entice them into Power Engineering. An area that students universally find interesting is alternate energy systems based on a renewable energy supply like wind. What is interesting with this area is that it includes the fundamental material that already exists in many energy conversion courses. Therefore, in this paper the authors present the development of a wind turbine prototyping software under Matlab/Simulink® through undergraduate student projects within the Electrical and Computer Engineering Professional Institute (IUP GEII) at Amiens, France [1]. This software was developed by a group of three students of the Institute third and final year. It was then used by another group of three students of the Institute second year to realize a wind energy system model

Research on Fault Analysis and Fault-Tolerant Control of EV/HEV Powertrain

International audienceThis paper presents research works in the topics of fault analysis and fault tolerant control of an electric vehicle powered by an inverter-fed induction motor drive and the usual sensors. The considered failures are mainly measurement error due to faulty sensors and power inverter malfunctions. When sensor failure occurs, both software and hardware redundancies have been investigated. Software redundancy has been evaluated in case of speed sensor failure. Hardware redundancy has been used in the case of power inverter failures with a fault-tolerant 4-leg topology. This topology exploits the induction motor neutral accessibility for fault-tolerant purposes. The proposed fault-tolerant approach brings a significant improvement compared to the phase-leg topology. This paper also presents the experimental validation of an efficient reconfiguration mechanism (transition strategy) at sensor fault occurrence

A 7-Level Single DC Source Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter with a Modified DTC Scheme for Induction Motor-Based Electric Vehicle Propulsion

International audienceThis paper presents a new hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter motor drive DTC scheme for electric vehicles where each phase of the inverter can be implemented using a single DC source. Traditionally, each phase of the inverter requires n DC source for (2n + 1) output voltage levels. In this paper, a scheme is proposed that allows the use of a single DC source as the first DC source which would be available from batteries or fuel cells, with the remaining (n − 1) DC sources being capacitors. This scheme can simultaneously maintain the capacitors of DC voltage level and produce a nearly sinusoidal output voltage due to its high number of output levels. In this context, high performances and efficient torque and flux control are obtained, enabling a DTC solution for hybrid multilevel inverter powered induction motor drives intended for electric vehicle propulsion. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed multilevel inverter and control scheme are effective and very attractive for embedded systems such as automotive applications

PWM Inverter-Fed Induction Motor-Based Electrical Vehicles Fault-Tolerant Control

International audienceThis paper proposes a fault-tolerant control scheme for PWM inverter-fed induction motor-based electric vehicles. The proposed strategy deals with power switch (IGBTs) failures mitigation within a reconfigurable induction motor control. In a vehicle context, 4-wire and 4-leg PWM inverter topologies are investigated and their performances discussed. Two topologies exploit the induction motor neutral accessibility for fault-tolerant purposes. The 4-wire topology uses then classical hysteresis controllers to account for the IGBT failures. The 4-leg topology, meanwhile, uses a specific 3D space vector PWM to handle vehicle requirements in terms of size (DC bus capacitors) and cost (IGBTs number). Experiments on an induction motor drive and simulations on an electric vehicle are carried-out using a European urban driving cycle to assess the FTC scheme performance and effectiveness

An Improved Fault-Tolerant Control Scheme for PWM Inverter-Fed Induction Motor-Based EVs

International audienceThis paper proposes an improved fault-tolerant control scheme for PWM inverter-fed induction motor-based electric vehicles. The proposed strategy deals with power switch (IGBTs) failures mitigation within a reconfigurable induction motor control. To increase the vehicle powertrain reliability regarding IGBT open-circuit failures, 4-wire and 4-leg PWM inverter topologies are investigated and their performances discussed in a vehicle context. The proposed fault-tolerant topologies require only minimum hardware modifications to the conventional off-the-shelf six-switch three-phase drive, mitigating the IGBTs failures by specific inverter control. Indeed, the two topologies exploit the induction motor neutral accessibility for fault-tolerant purposes. The 4-wire topology uses then classical hysteresis controllers to account for the IGBT failures. The 4-leg topology, meanwhile, uses a specific 3D space vector PWM to handle vehicle requirements in terms of size (DC bus capacitors) and cost (IGBTs number). Experiments on an induction motor drive and simulations on an electric vehicle are carried-out using a European urban driving cycle to show that the proposed fault-tolerant control approach is effective and provides a simple configuration with high performance in terms of speed and torque responses

Contribution a l'etude de l'Association 'Gradateur-Transformateur-Charge resistive. Prise en compte du phenomene de saturation'

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 81312 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc